EGGS, HATCHES, FLEDGES, CLUTCHES, BROODS: REFERENCES

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Cooper, J.E. 1993. Pathological studies on eggs and embryos. In Raptor Biomedicine. Ed. P.T. Redig, J.E. Cooper, J.D. Remple, and D.B. Hunter. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press:38-44.

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Cooper, J.E. 2007. Pathology A. Disease. In Raptor Research and Management Techniques, ed. D.M. Bird and K.L. Bildenstein. Surrey, BC and Blaine, WA: Hancock House Publishers:293-310.

Deeming, D.C. 1989a. Characteristics of unturned eggs: A critical period, retarded embryonic growth and poor albumen utilisation. British Poultry Science 30:239-49.

Deeming, D.C. 1989b. Failure to turn eggs during incubation: Development of the area vasculosa and embryonic growth. Journal of Morphology 201:179-86.

Deeming, D.C. 1989c. Importance of sub-embryonic fluid and albumen in the embryo’s response to turning of the egg during incubation. British Poultry Science 30:591-606.

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Deeming, D.C. 2002c. Patterns and significance of egg turning. In Avian Incubation: Behaviour, Environment, and Evolution. ed. D.C. Deeming. Oxford: Oxford University Press:161-78.

Deeming, D.C. 2009. The role of egg turning during incubation. Avian Biology Research 2:67-71.

Deeming, D.C. and S.J. Reynolds, ed. 2015. Nests, Eggs, and Incubation: New Ideas About Avian Reproduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Drent, R. 1973. The natural history of incubation. With discussion by S.C. Kendeigh. In Breeding Biology of Birds: Proccedings of a Symposium on Breeding Behavior and Reproductive Physiology in Bird, Denver, Colorado, February 1972. Ed. D.S. Farner. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences:262-322.

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Ellis, D.H. and J.R. Varney 1973. A fully automated egg for telemetering adult attentiveness and incubation temperatures. Raptor Research 7:73-77.

Evans, H.E. and J.B. Heiser 2004. What’s inside: Anatomy and physiology. In Handbook of Bird Biology, ed. S. Podulka, R.W. Rohrbaugh, Jr., and R. Bonney. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology:4.1-4.162.

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Gerrard, J.M. and G.R. Bortolotti 1988. The Bald Eagle: Haunts and Habits of a Wilderness Monarch. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Gilbert, S., P. Tomassoni, and P.A. Kramer 1981. History of captive management and breeding of Bald Eagles at the National Zoological Park. International Zoo Yearbook 21:101-09.

Haartman, L. von 1971. Population Dynamics. In Avian Biology vol. I. Ed. D.S. Farner and J.R. King. New York and London: Academic Press:392-459.

Haftorn, S. 1988. Incubating female passerines do not let the egg temperature fall below the ‘physiological zero temperature’ during their absences from the nest. Ornis Scandinavica 19:97-110.

Hainsworth, F.R. and M.A. Voss 2002. Intermittent incubation: Predictions and tests for time and heat allocation. In Avian Incubation: Behaviour, Environment, and Evolution, ed. D.C. Deeming. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 23-37.

Heidenreich, M. 1997. Birds of Prey: Medicine and Management. Translated by Dr. Y. Oppenheim.  Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.

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Hemmings, N., M. West, and T.R. Birkhead 2012. Causes of hatching failure in endangered birds. Biology Letters 8:964-967.

Henny, C.J. and J.E. Elliott 2007. Toxicology. In Raptor Research and Management Techniques, ed. D.M. Bird and K.L. Bildenstein. Surrey, BC and Blaine, WA: Hancock House Publishers:329-50.

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Houston, C.S., R.D. Crawford, and L.W. Oliphant 1993. Unhatched eggs in raptor nests in Saskatchewan. In Raptor Biomedicine. Ed. P.T. Redig, J.E. Cooper, J.D. Remple, and D.B. Hunter. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press:49-53.

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Johnson, A.L. 2015. Reproduction in the female. In Sturkie’s Avian Physiology. 6th ed. Ed. C.G. Scanes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press:635-65.

Kendeigh, S.C. 1963. Thermodynamics of incubation in the House Wren, Troglodytes aedon. In Proceedings of the XIIIth International Ornithological Congress, ed. C.G. Sibley, J.J. Hickey, and M.B. Hickey. Washington, DC: American Ornithologists Union:884-904.

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King, J.R. 1973. Energetics of reproduction in birds. With discussion by F.C. Swickel and S.C. Kendeigh. In Breeding Biology of Birds: Proccedings of a Symposium on Breeding Behavior and Reproductive Physiology in Bird, Denver, Colorado, February 1972, ed. D.S. Farner. Washington, D.C: National Academy of Sciences:78-120.

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Lea, R.W. and H.Klandorf 2002. The brood patch. In Avian Incubation: Behaviour, Environment, and Evolution. ed. D C. Deeming. Oxford: Oxford University Press:100-18.

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